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The Forgotten Civilization of the Lydians
A careful overview of the Lydians of western Anatolia, from the Mermnad dynasty founded by Gyges to the Persian conquest of Sardis around 546 BCE.
Greece, Rome and Europe
Lydians, Carians and Anatolia
Western Anatolian peoples and steppe raiders who shaped the eastern Greek world.
The Ancient Lydians: A Legacy of Gold and Trade
How Lydian electrum, the gold of the Pactolus and some of the earliest stamped coins in the Mediterranean world helped shape Greek money.
The Forgotten Civilization of the Cimmerians
What Assyrian records and Herodotus say about the Cimmerians, their move into Anatolia in the eighth and seventh centuries BCE, and why archaeology cannot confirm them.
The Forgotten History of the Ancient Lydian Civilization
Sardis, the legendary wealth of Croesus and his defeat by Cyrus: what the Greek sources and the excavations at Sardis say about the last Lydian king.
The Forgotten History of the Carians
The Carians of southwest Anatolia: their language, their reputation as mercenaries in Egypt and Greece, and the Hecatomnid rulers of Halicarnassus, including Mausolus.
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