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The Ancient Egyptians' Knowledge of Medicine
A survey of Egyptian healing: physicians and their titles, signs of specialisation, what embalming taught about the body, and how practical care mixed with magic.
Egypt and Africa
Science and Medicine
Egyptian healing, astronomy and mathematics.
Ancient Egyptian Astronomy: The Oldest Known Observations
Egyptian star charts and decan tables, from Middle Kingdom coffin lids to the ceiling in Senenmut's tomb, with dates and what is known of earlier sky watching.
Ancient Egyptian Mathematics: The Oldest Known Calculations
How Egyptian scribes used unit fractions and measured land and pyramids, as shown by the Rhind and Moscow papyri, important sources but not the first.
Ancient Egyptian Medicine: The Oldest Known Treatments
Treatments recorded in the Edwin Smith and Ebers papyri, copied around 1600 BCE from older texts: wound care, drugs and spells, and why they are not the first ever.
The Ancient Egyptian Medicine: A Legacy of Healing and Culture
What later Greek, Roman and Islamic medicine may have inherited from Egypt, from drugs to Imhotep's cult, and how well popular claims of influence are supported.
The Ancient Egyptians' Knowledge of Astronomy
How Egyptians used the stars, decans and the rising of Sirius near the Nile flood to keep a calendar, time rituals and orient temples, and what remains debated.
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Pyramids and Giza The Giza pyramids, their builders, the Sphinx and the myths around them. Egyptian Building and Writing Temple architecture and hieroglyphic script. Afterlife and Burial Mummies, embalming, coffins, the Book of the Dead and Tutankhamun. Nubia and Kush The Nile kingdoms of Kerma, Napata and Meroe south of Egypt. Delta Cities and Ptolemies Tanis, sunken Thonis-Heraklion and the Ptolemaic dynasty. African Kingdoms West African states such as the Ashanti and Nri. Ships and Navigation Boats, harbours and the methods ancient sailors used to cross waters.